Dokar mallakar fasaha

Dokar mallakar fasaha
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Ƙaramin ɓangare na	Doka

Zane-zanen (topography) na haɗaɗɗun da'irori wani fanni ne a cikin kariyar mallakar fasaha .

A cikin dokar mallakar fasaha ta ƙasar Amurka, "aikin abin rufe fuska" tsari ne mai girma biyu ko uku ko hoto na wani hadedde da'ira (IC ko "guntu"), watau tsari akan guntu na'urorin semiconductor kamar transistor da kayan aikin lantarki masu wucewa. kamar resistors da interconnections. Ana kiran shimfidar wuri aikin abin rufe fuska saboda, a cikin ayyukan photolithographic, yawancin etched yadudduka a cikin ainihin ICs an ƙirƙira su ta amfani da abin rufe fuska, wanda ake kira photomask, don ba da izini ko toshe haske a takamaiman wurare, wani lokacin don ɗaruruwan kwakwalwan kwamfuta akan wafer lokaci guda.

Saboda yanayin aikin jumlolin abin rufe fuska, ƙirar da ba za a iya kiyaye su yadda ya kamata a ƙarƙashin dokar haƙƙin mallaka (sai dai ƙila a matsayin kayan ado). Hakazalika, saboda aikin mashin lithographic na mutum ba abu ne mai kariya a sarari ba; Hakanan ba za a iya kiyaye su da kyau a ƙarƙashin dokar haƙƙin mallaka ba, kodayake duk wani tsari da aka aiwatar a cikin aikin yana iya zama haƙƙin mallaka. Don haka tun daga shekarun 1990s, gwamnatocin ƙasa suna ba da haƙƙin mallaka-kamar keɓantaccen haƙƙoƙin da ke ba da keɓancewar lokaci mai iyaka don haifuwa na musamman. Matsakaicin haƙƙin haƙƙin kewayawa yawanci yakan gajarta fiye da haƙƙin mallaka waɗanda ke aiki akan hotuna.